Banner promoting Liverpool as European Capital of Culture in 2008
The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its cultural life and cultural development. A number of European cities have used the City of Culture year to transform their cultural base and, in doing so, the way in which they are viewed internationally.
List of European Cities/Capitals of Culture
Past years
- 1985:
 Athens
- 1986:
 Florence
- 1987:
 Amsterdam
- 1988:
 West Berlin
- 1989:
 Paris
- 1990:
 Glasgow
- 1991:
 Dublin
- 1992:
 Madrid
- 1993:
 Antwerp
- 1994:
 Lisbon
- 1995:
 Luxembourg
- 1996:
 Copenhagen
- 1997: Thessaloniki
- 1998:
 Stockholm
- 1999:
 Weimar
- 2000: Avignon,
 Bergen, Bologna, Brussels,  Helsinki,  Krakow,  Prague,  Reykjavík, Santiago de Compostela
- 2001: Porto, Rotterdam
- 2002: Bruges, Salamanca
- 2003:
 Graz
- 2004: Genoa, Lille
- 2005: Cork
- 2006: Patras
- 2007:
 Sibiu, Luxembourg and the Greater Region
Current year
Future years
According to the official EU website1. From 2014 to 2019, only the countries have been chosen, based on the rotation system.
- 2009: Linz,
 Vilnius
- 2010: Essen (on behalf of the Ruhr Area),
 Istanbul,  Pécs
- 2011: Turku,
 Tallinn
- 2012: Guimarães,
 Maribor
- 2013: Marseille - Provence,
 Košice
- 2014: Sweden,
 Latvia
- 2015: Belgium, Czech Republic
- 2016: Spain, Poland
- 2017: Denmark,
 Cyprus
- 2018: Netherlands,
 Malta
- 2019: Italy,
 Bulgaria
See also
References
- ^ Official EU website
- García, B. (2005) “De-constructing the City of Culture: The long term cultural legacies of Glasgow 1990” in: Review Issue of Urban Studies (vol 42, n5/6) (pp. 1-28)
- García, B. (2004) “Cultural Policy in European Cities: Lessons from Experience, Prospects for the Future” in: Special edition on Cultural Policy and Regeneration, Local Economy (vol 19, n4) (pp. 312-326)
- García, B. (2004) “Urban Regeneration, Arts Programming and Major events: Glasgow 1990, Sydney 2000 and Barcelona 2004” in: Gibson, L. & Stevenson, D. (Eds) Special Issue of the International Journal of Cultural Policy: Urban Space and the Uses of Culture (vol 10, n 1) (pp. 103-118)
External links
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European Capitals of Culture |
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