Henry of Portugal.html |
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- For the Count of Portugal see: Henry, Count of Portugal; for the Prince see Henry the Navigator
| Henry | |
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| King of Portugal and the Algarves of either side of the sea in Africa (more...) |
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| 17th century painting of Cardinal-King Henry | |
| Reign | August 4, 1578—January 31, 1580 |
| Predecessor | Sebastian |
| Successor | Anthony (disputed) |
| Royal house | House of Aviz-Beja |
| Father | Manuel I of Portugal |
| Mother | Maria of Aragon |
| Born | January 31, 1512 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | January 31, 1580 Almeirim, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Burial | Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon, District of Lisbon, Portugal |
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Henry, Cardinal-King of Portugal or Henrique (in Portuguese, pronounced [ẽˈʁik(ɨ)]) the Chaste (Portuguese o Casto) (Lisbon, January 31, 1512 — Almeirim, January 31, 1580) was the seventeenth King of Portugal and the Algarves. He ruled between 1578 and 1580.
Henry was the younger brother of King John III and, as a younger son, he was not expected to succeed to the Portuguese throne. Early in his life, Henry took Holy Orders to promote Portuguese interests within the Catholic Church, then dominated by Spain. He rose fast through the Church hierarchy, becoming in quick succession Archbishop of Braga, Archbishop of Évora and Grand Inquisitor before receiving a Cardinal's hat, receiving the Titulus Ss. Quattuor Coronatorum. Henry, more than anyone, endeavoured to bring the Jesuits to Portugal and employed them in the colonial empire.
He served as regent for his grand-nephew, king Sebastian I of Portugal, after 1557, and then succeeded him as king after the disastrous Battle of Alcácer-Quibir in 1578. Henry renounced his clerical offices and sought to take a bride for the continuation of the Avis dynasty, but Pope Gregory XIII, affiliated with the Habsburgs, did not release him from his vows. The Cardinal-King died without having appointed a Council of Regency to choose a successor. One of the closest dynastic claimants was King Philip II of Spain who, in November 1580, sent the Duke of Alba to claim Portugal by force. Lisbon soon fell, and Philip was elected King of Portugal on condition that the kingdom and its overseas territories would not become Spanish provinces.
Links
- Manuel I of Portugal
- Sebastian of Portugal
- struggle for the throne of Portugal
- War of the Portuguese Succession
Ancestors
| Henry of Portugal | Father: Manuel I of Portugal |
Father's father: Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu |
Father's father's father: Edward of Portugal |
| Father's father's mother: Leonor of Aragon |
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| Father's mother: Beatrice of Portugal |
Father's mother's father: Infante João of Portugal |
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| Father's mother's mother: Isabel of Braganza |
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| Mother: Maria of Aragon |
Mother's father: Ferdinand II of Aragon |
Mother's father's father: John II of Aragon |
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| Mother's father's mother: Juana Enriquez |
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| Mother's mother: Isabella of Castile |
Mother's mother's father: John II of Castile |
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| Mother's mother's mother: Infanta Isabel of Portugal |
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Henry of Portugal
Cadet branch of the House of Aviz
Born: 31 January 1512 Died: 31 January 1580 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Sebastian |
King of Portugal and the Algarves 1578 – 1580 |
Succeeded by Anthony, Prior of Crato |